How Secondary Qualities Can Fit Into The Theoretical...

In this paper, I will consider whether experiences of secondary qualities can fit into the theoretical framework of functionalism. I will begin this discussion by thoroughly explicating functionalism and the threat posed to it by secondary qualities. I will then consider Nida-Rà ¼melin’s inverted qualia argument and will contend that it employs a false conception of color perception. Finally, I will argue that experiences of secondary qualities may be analyzed through the functionalist model only after Lewis’ stipulation of the appropriate population is redefined. But first I must explicate functionalism itself. Functionalism broadly construed rests on the identity claim that concepts of mental states are concepts of functional states. In other words, the mental state that we call pain is defined causally by its functional role. We know that pain is apt to be caused by certain stimuli, such as pain or extreme heat, and is apt to cause certain responses, such as wincing and wishing for the pain to stop. Mental states, furthermore, are only contingently identical to their corresponding physical states. Though human pain may be identified with its neural state, the overarching concept of pain is non-rigid and may be applied to all states that are apt to be caused by certain stimuli and are apt to cause certain responses. This non-rigidity is a key feature functionalism, as it allows for creatures biologically unlike humans to experience pain. For example, the MartianShow MoreRelatedTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 Pagesteam of sociologists: to my peers for their support, in particular, Mike Trask, Joanni Hache, Caroline Trudel, and Alex Wilson; to my best friend Nicole Prime, your continuous friendship and educational assistance is appreciated more than words can express; to Dr. Jim Brittain for your influential insight into Karl Marx and the capitalistic social order; thank you to my second thesis supervisor, Dr. Anthony Thomson, for your unwavering patience, which afforded me a space of peace and tranquilityRead MoreCognitive psychology  . Essay5542 Words   |  23 Pagesof human cognition, that is, all our mental abilities – perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning, and understanding. The term â€Å"cognition† stems from the Latin word â€Å" cognoscere† or to know. 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Robert Frosts Poems Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 661 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Poetry Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Robert Lee Frost was an award winning American poet. He was an extremely successful poet that was known as a tragic poet. Frost uses ordinary speech in his poetry in hopes of making sense to readers and uses a lot of ordinary, everyday situations in his poetry. Even after dealing with much tragedy in his life Frost was able to write beautiful and unforgettable poetry. Robert Frost uses great imagery, symbols, and themes in his poems. His poems show a very clear, vivid picture of what is happening is occurring and do not leave readers with questions. Frost’s poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a bittersweet poem and was written in 1916. In this poem most of the imagery is visual. Frost uses imagery to describe the setting throughout the poem. â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood† (line 1). Right away the reader is able to visualize that the season is fall since the woods are yellow. Robert Frost chose a very relatable, understanding topic for this poem and a common matter people have to deal with. The theme is major decision making and what path to choose at the crossroads. â€Å"And sorry I could not travel both† (line 2). Although the marvelous outcome isn’t always clear this poem shows that you have to make the decision with confidence. The diverged roads symbolize the adventure life takes you on. â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear† (line 8), symbolizes that the narrator wants to take on an adventure unusual from what he or she would normally do. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Robert Frosts Poems Analysis" essay for you Create order â€Å"Fire and Ice† is a poem about destruction written in 1923. It is a short, but powerful poem as Robert Frost shows us that both fire and ice can be destructive. The imagery is displayed in the fire and ice, too much of heat or cold can be powerful and destroy. In moderation both are pleasant and appealing. Fire symbolizes desire and ice symbolizes hatred. Frost is showing a possibility of how the world can end in this poem from destructive people. â€Å"Some say the world will end in fire / Some say in ice† (line 1-2). The destructive people being the ones that have the desire to do potentially harming activities and cold feelings like fire and ice. Destructive desires could be polluting the world and harming people. â€Å"As the speaker indicates by the end of the poem, both emotions and conditions are potentially violent and sufficient to destroy the world† (Explanation of: â€Å"Fire and Ice†). â€Å"Mending Wall† was written in 1914 and describes a wall that separates neighbors. In a way the wall brings the neighbors together but it separates them more than anything. The only way it brings them together is the annual repairing of the stone wall. â€Å"I have come after them and made repair† (line 6). The theme of this poem is the unnecessary separation humans create between each other. The narrator doesn’t seem too sure of the tradition of repairing the stone wall and the narrator views the wall as useless and a hassle. â€Å"There where it is we do not need the wall† (line 23). The stone wall is the principal symbol of this poem and it represents the physical and psychological barrier between the neighbors. The gaps in the poem represent openings that could lead to new experiences. â€Å"Frost mischievously navigates through the many meanings and functions of boundaries; how they separate, unite, and ultimately, how they might mend† (Pe rlow and Furman). In conclusion, all three of these poems written by Robert Frost have completely different meanings but all three are clear, visual stories. Frost’s poetry has to be some of the most easily understood poetry and he doesn’t lack a use of imagery, theme, or symbols in his poetry. Robert Frost uses a major sense of reality throughout his poetry and embraces real world problems in his writing, which I’m sure is why many people consider him one of the greatest American poets of the twentieth century.

Virtual Environments at a Geographical Scale, in either a Rural or an Urban Free Essays

Introduction To understand the word Virtual Environments, we have to go through the term Virtual Reality (VR). The term ‘VR’ means a computer simulated environments which can simulate the physical presence in places in the real world and also in the imaginary world. Most of the current virtual reality environments are firstly the visual experiences which are either displayed on the screen or through special additional sound effects. We will write a custom essay sample on Virtual Environments at a Geographical Scale, in either a Rural or an Urban or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now-a-days, these virtual environments are being employed in many areas such as gaming, computer science, geography etc. A good example in the context of geography is Virtual Globe. This is a 3D software model or just to say a representation of the Earth or another world. It provides the user, an ability to freely move around in the virtual environment. The viewing angle and position can be changed and provides a real virtual world. Different geographical features such as roads, buildings, and also demographic quantities such as population can also be viewed in a very real virtual environment. On 20th of November, 1997, Microsoft released a very popular virtual globe in name of Encarta virtual Globe 98, which was followed by Cosmi’s 3D World Atlas in the year 1999. But the first publicized online virtual globes were NASA World Wind (mid-2004) and Google Earth (mid-2005). The application of the virtual environments, in the context of the geographical visualisation which is lik ely geovisualisation had many challenges that are involves in that. Working on this aspect, over the past decade had many successful results. Visualisation in scientific computing (ViSC) is one of the successful implementations in this area particularly. To be more successful in the visual presentation, one should take the fullest advantage regarding the cognitive systems developed for interacting with the real world. However the use of the virtual environments in the visualisation includes many challenges and poses many questions regarding these either in a rural or an urban landscape. The special challenges in this are mainly with the kinds of information depicted, methods which are developed on this information over decades on depicting that particular information and then for what that information is applied was the problem. The virtual environments can be analysed by considering many aspects into consideration. The main thing is that â€Å"what may be meant by an environmentâ € . Then comes â€Å"What is meant by the process of virtualization† and next is that â€Å"Some aspects of the human performances that constrain the environmental design†. These are aspects involved in analysing the VE’s. Any experiment that is likely to be conducted in the virtual environment comes very closer to the issue in the real environment. In Conroy, 2001 it was stated that the previous research investigating topological perception and the way finding in the virtual and real patterns has shown the movement patterns in real and virtual environments are very much alike. In the experiment conducted regarding the distance calculation through a virtual environment, by taking six urban areas in to consideration, there are many key points that were observed at the end of the experiment analysis. The one with more heights are more confusing, windows and doors doesn’t make any big difference, too much detail etc were the comments received after the ex periment. In this experiment, in order to investigate the perceptive of the scale, the virtual urban environment’s were explored and navigated to observe this particular issue. Now, we will consider steamboat Chronicles, which is a game that represents a virtual environment. This is being discussed here because this also interestingly displays some similar characteristics to the urban landscapes. In this game, the player is likely to identify and discover the place by crossing the obstacles and boundaries same as in real life. It is necessary in this game to stop at stop-signs, respecting the speed limits etc and which is similar to the facets of the urban structures that we generally experience in our own real urban landscapes. And now this leads a viewer to consider this system in our own real urban landscapes, which helps in improving the transportation facilities, helping the law enforcement agencies etc. The innovation in the transportation technology can be observed in this particular game. This is how, the virtual environments brings up the issues and will become as grounds for some new technological innovations. A great change in one system can reflect a change that is made in another system and finally that would reflect on the total system. This is a rapidly changing world with a rapidly increasing technology. Now-a-days, the computer power and graphical display capabilities are tremendously increased. This is why the virtual environments have now proven to be more and more powerful medium for visualising. The visualisation of the spatial information and sharing these experiences regarding a common virtual study with other people is done through this medium. The combination of the virtual environments and the decision making practices for a good understanding of the real environments and its related dynamic natural processes. By this, these provide us a good opportunity for a greater involvement in the community decision making. When we consid er a particular case study area â€Å"Tool bin catchment in Western Australia†, a Live Link provides a network link between some game engine and a GIS. By this action, it helps communities envision landscape changes and in evaluating the decisions made in association with the selected scenarios. Augmented reality usually refers to the technology that is being integrated with the human sensory input or output. There are many good examples for the virtual environments and their capability in the context of rural or urban landscapes. Mostly, when we consider some popular games such as final fantasy VII, Farmville etc they present themselves as best examples for the virtual environments and we all know how addicting those games are. We will be in a different environment which provides reality with non-reality. To conclude, the virtual environments provides best ways in visualisation as a good medium for communicating as well as several other purposes in the context of geography. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_globe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_environment#VR_reconstruction http://www.geovista.psu.edu/publications/NPIVM99/ammNPIVM.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B75C5-48TN3T9-1_user=10_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1991_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=gateway_origin=gateway_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=1bdd9ec15514f2be59913321de9ed895searchtype=a http://www.spacesyntaxistanbul.itu.edu.tr/papers%5Clongpapers%5C105%20-%20Mavridou.pdf http://blogs.utexas.edu/gamegeog/http://www.springerlink.com/content/m6542k3nnrm44kgr/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V9K-4DDXMB2-2_user=10_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2005_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=gateway_origin=gateway_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=18c35dfff1c4c7c51ec78f0190bac901searchtype=a http://books.google.com/books?hl=enlr=id=M3rAuvR-o-gCoi=fndpg=PA26dq=Virtual+Environments+at+a+Geographical+Scale,+in+either+a+Rural+or+an+Urban+Landscapeots=T-Wfg3hln8sig=vZwcvZYMj3t_twfxRaxG9PZc-34#v=onepageqf=false http://www.mrl.nottingham.ac.uk/~cmg/cgreenhalgh-thesis-singlespaced.pdfhttp://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=331781 http://www.mightystudents.com/essay/Navigation.Virtual.Environment.160463 http://www.geovista.psu.edu/publications/ica/ica99/ http://people.plan.aau.dk/~lbo/SIM/Geoviz_06/19-bodum.pdf How to cite Virtual Environments at a Geographical Scale, in either a Rural or an Urban, Essay examples